Which term describes a mortgage concept where the lender holds the title to the property until obligations are satisfied?

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The concept being tested is who holds the legal title to the property during a mortgage. In a Title Theory state, the lender holds the legal title to the property until the loan is fully paid, while the borrower retains equitable title and possession. This arrangement gives the lender stronger security and a clear path to ownership if the loan goes into default. By contrast, under Lien Theory, the borrower keeps the title, and the lender merely holds a lien as security for the loan. The term Uniform Covenant deals with promises in a deed about land use or property conditions, not who holds title in a mortgage, so it isn’t the correct term for this concept.