What is a lien?

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A lien is a legal claim against a property's value that secures repayment of a debt. It attaches to the property itself, not just to the owner personally, and remains until the debt is paid or the lien is released. If the debt isn’t settled, the creditor may enforce the lien, potentially through foreclosure or sale of the property to recover what’s owed. Liens can arise from mortgages, unpaid taxes, contractor work (mechanics’ liens), or HOA dues, and they affect how a property can be sold because they must be cleared for a clear title. This concept is not insurance, not a document that transfers ownership, and not a recording fee.